Auto insurance is either very boring or very confusing. Sometimes I think it was designed like the tax code (22,000+ pages!). Here are some terms to think about:
Bodily injury liability.
Bodily injury liability (which is mandatory in all states but New Hampshire, South Carolina, Tennessee or Wisconsin) compensates drivers and passengers in the event you get into an accident. The main consideration here is protecting your assets against lawsuits that arise from auto accidents. "But I'm a careful driver," you say. It doesn't matter. Remember, you can get sued and lose even if the accident is not your fault.
Think hard when only buying the minimum bodily injury liability limits. If you buy bodily injury worth $100,000/$300,000, each of the injured parties could be compensated $100,000, but only up to $300,000 total per accident. A wrongful death can easily exceed $1,000,000! If you have income and assets, start considering over the $100,000/$300,000 of coverage. If you have a homeowner's policy as well, you can also consider increasing the liability portion of your homeowner's policy. Also, think about getting an umbrella policy, which covers you against all manners of liability claims. The cost could be surprisingly low.
Property damage liability.
Property damage liability will pay for the repair and replacement of the other guy's car or property in the event of an accident. State-required minimums can be quite low (Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Mississippi, and Massachusetts are $5,000!), but if you total some ones car, you could end up with a judgment against you for the difference.
If you can afford the higher premiums, consider a minimum of $50,000 - $100,000 of property damage liability.
Personal Injury Protection.
Personal injury protection (aka PIP or MedPay) coverage pays for the medical and funeral costs associated with an accident for you and your family — regardless of whose fault it was. Do not waive the Personal Injury Protection (PIP) protection even if you already have separate health, life and disability policies! PIP pays for your personal injuries without co-pays and deductibles that occur with typical health insurance. Also PIP covers you from the date of the accident and NOT as long as you pay premiums. For example, assume you waive PIP, and then get in an accident. You can't work and are replaced at your job. Your lose your job (where you had health insurance) and can't afford COBRA continuation coverage. You may not be able to afford to address those injuries! PIP is required in Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Oregon and Utah.
Uninsured or Underinsured Motorist.
Uninsured or underinsured motorist pays for medical and funeral costs for you and your family in the event you get in an accident with either a hit-and-run driver or a driver who doesn't have enough auto insurance. These policies also usually cover bike and pedestrian accidents, and anything your medical insurance doesn't cover. Because there are many uninsured drivers on the road today and the cost is fairly low, this coverage is a no brainer.
Comprehensive and Collision.
Collision reimburses you for the full cost of repairs or replacement of your car after an accident. Comprehensive covers you in the event your car falls victim to a natural disaster, vandalism or theft. Together than can amount to almost half your total auto insurance premium.
Choose a deductible you can afford, and remember that insurance rarely pays for everything. If your car's Kelly Blue Book value is worth more the ten times the cost of your collision and comprehensive premiums, (especially for cars over 5 years old, damaged or salvaged title vehicles) make sure you get collision and comprehensive coverage. Without collision and comprehensive coverages, you have to pay to have your car repaired if you are at fault accident.
Rental-car reimbursement. Rental-car reimbursement pays a fixed dollar amount while your car is in the repair shop after a collision. If the other drivers is at fault, his insurance most likely will pay the full cost of a rental car. Just make sure not to rent an expensive vehicle.
Towing coverage.
Towing coverage can make sense if you don't have an auto-club membership which includes towing and other benefits that could be a lot more useful.
Full glass coverage.
Full glass coverage makes sense if you have a newer, rare, exotic or vintage car because windshield replacement on an expensive or hard to find model can cost hundreds.
If you see a term you don't know about, visit my more expansive Auto Insurance Terms page.
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